Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) - 1794 Words

Human Immunodeficiency Virus What microorganism causes HIV? Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that destroys the immune system which protects the body against disease and infection. The human body cannot fight disease if the immune system is weak. When a person is infected with HIV, the virus stays in the body forever. There is no cure for HIV but the medications help to control the disease. The human immune system is made weak by destroying important cells that fight pathogens. HIV is a retrovirus. It is a virus spread through certain body fluids that attack the body’s immune system known as CD4 cells or T-cells. This kind of virus when not penetrating a cell has the ability to store the genetic information on a single-stranded RNA molecule in place of the double–stranded DNA, but when penetrating a cell, the retrovirus can make a DNA version of its genes. This DNA becomes part of the disease spreading genetic material in the cell. HIV takes a long time to cause damage in the human body and therefore classified as le ntiviruses. White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are the cells of the immune system that protect the body against infection and disease. HIV infects and destroys white blood cells called CD4+ cells. The destruction of the CD4+ cells makes the body weak and cannot fight disease and infection. Large numbers of CD4 cells are destroyed through viral attack and will not be restored. The majority of the person’s CD4 memory cells areShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The virus continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There are many treatments that have develop ed to help the large numberRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessly for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )884 Words   |  4 Pages(2010), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that affects the human immune system, leading to a chronic, progressive sickness that leaves people susceptible to opportunistic infections. When the body no longer can fight or resist infections, the condition is at this point referred to as AIDS, which means Acqu ired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Averagely, it has been found to take more than ten years to develop from initial infection of HIV to AIDS. Though simple in description, HIV and AIDSRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )862 Words   |  4 Pagesshown that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. More than 33.4 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus today. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a virus similar to that of the flu or common cold. The differentiating factor is that with the flu and cold, your body will eventually clear the virus out of your system, but with the HIV virus, the immune system cannot clear it. Getting HIV means you have it for life. The virus immediately beginsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1261 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become more commonly seen in the world. It is important to show compassion rather than judging that patient based on a virus. The hygienist plays an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromisingRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )948 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uses of Blood by the HIV Virus Blood-borne diseases have contributed greatly to poor health outcomes among individuals and communities. Though blood fulfills various functions to ensure our survival, it can also act as the mechanism through which we become diseased. Understanding the characteristics of such infectious diseases is essential to preventing further cases. In this paper I will discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses blood to cause illness within the infected individualRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV is a fatal disease which stands for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus† it is a failure to the immune system to protect the body from any infections. This virus causes a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When HIV is left untreated it leads to another disease called â€Å"AIDS†. It can occur in any age, race, sex or sexual orientation. The highest risk of contracting HIV is having unprotected sex and sha ring needles with others. Another factor are people that have STI’s andRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )980 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an immune system disorder that can be contracted through sexual activity as well as other types of contact. (Healthy Living, pg. 79) If left untreated this virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (aids.gov) AIDS is an incurable progressive disease that causes gradual destruction of CD4 T cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Diseases, pg. 431) A healthyRead MoreHiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus998 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the human immune system and greatly weakens the body’s ability to fight foreign invaders and infection. HIV first demanded notice in the early 1980s in the United States in homosexual men displaying illnesses like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The disease was soon observed in IV drug users, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients, but became publicized as a â€Å"gay disease,† nicknamed by the media as GRID, or Gay-RelatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens t he human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infections

The Power of Professional Learning Communities Essay

Benjamin Franklin said â€Å"An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.† Education opens the door for everyone to excel in life. To become a strong nation, its people, especially children, must have a good education so the nation can continue to excel and become stronger. Nevertheless, America is suffering through an education crisis today. The current statistics show that the United States is falling behind in education compared to other countries. The illiteracy rate is high, and the graduation rates for inner city children are low. The causes of this crisis are everyday problems such as lack of interest in school, poverty, and standardized testing. There are many solutions to the problem, but one solution, Professional Learning†¦show more content†¦The United States also places 25th in math, 17th in science, and 14th in reading (â€Å"Best Education in the World,† 2012). Fourth Graders in the U.S. are 11th in Math in the Trends in International Mathe matics and Science Study (â€Å"U.S. education spending tops Global List,† 2013.) Sixty-six percent of all fourth graders are not reading at grade level (Reese, Fredrick 2014). Fourteen percent of the population, or 32 million adults, cannot read. Nineteen percent of high school graduates cannot read. In less developed countries like Chile, Brazil, and Latina, children are increasing in academics three times faster than American Students (â€Å"Best Education in the World,† 2012). The problem in the education system lies within the public schools, because the majority of students attend public schools. In fact, only ten percent of children attend private schools (Jennings, 2013). USA Today said â€Å"Students in a handful of big-city school districts have a less than 50-50 chance of graduating from high school with their peers, and a few cities graduate far fewer than half each spring†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Toppo, 2006). With these statistics in education, many people wonde r why the United States is lagging, but one major reason for the lagging is teaching methods. The use of standardized test has been used for many years. Tests such as ACT, SAT, EOC, and Gateway were made toShow MoreRelatedThe Danielson Framework Is A Tool964 Words   |  4 Pagescorrelation between topics. They know their students skills and what they know. They are aware of the developmental stages of their students and how the stages play a role in students’ learning. They set reasonable outcomes for students, use a wide range of resources for students’ use as well as for their professional knowledge. Distinguish teachers also plan lessons that flows in a sequential matter and aligns the instruction with school curriculum and state standards. Finally, they choose appropriateRead MoreThe Contribution Of Servant Leadership1310 Words   |  6 Pageseducational professional learning. Crippen (2010) shares, â€Å"Servant leadership situates itself comfortably within the scholarship of teaching and learning as well as serving and leading† (p.34). As indicated in this paper, servant leadership absolutely has a place in education; a business of people on a foundation of relationships. Attributes of servant leadership critiqued have positive correlations to attributes of high impact professional learning. Creating strong, moral-based, communities of educatorsRead MoreProfessional Learning Communities : The Mentor812 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional Learning Communities: The Mentor The mind of education has changed in the last few years to get away from teachers working alone in isolation to a new idea of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs). In contrast to the traditional paradigm of professional development in which teachers attend off-site workshops and conferences that may or may not inspire them to change their thinking or instruction, the Professional Learning Community (PLC) involves teachers in site-based, ongoing,Read MoreThe Role Of Nurses As An Effective Leader1093 Words   |  5 Pagesadhesive of healthcare by interacting and partnering with professionals in the care process. Whether a family member, laboratory technician, physician or even a nutrition aide delivering a tray the nurse has always been there to interact at all levels of care. Baccalaureates prepared nurses provide patient  ¬centered care by respecting values, and serving patient needs as effective advocates. Patient advocacy is paramount in the nursing professional requiring nu rses to deliver exceptional care, evaluateRead MoreEven though Zimbabwe has the highest literacy rates in Africa, the high school pass rate remains at1600 Words   |  7 Pagesremains at an unprecedented low, less than 25%. In the past 30 years since attaining independence, the population of Zimbabwe, around 13 million, experienced significant educational developments with the building of more schools in marginalized communities, establishment of teacher training colleges, and availability of educational resources. Consequently, school enrollment from 1980 to 1990 increased by 72% courtesy of the â€Å"education for all by 2000† policy (Shizha Kariwo, 2011). UnfortunatelyRead MoreThe Impact Of District Level Leadership And Student Achievement1493 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding, students, families, community members, and staff. This is accomplished by designing a system that focuses on the mission of the district, Educate students to be lifelong learners who are productive , responsible citizens. This system must include a shared vision, high quality staff, a collaborative culture that values innovation and embraces failure as a natural outcome of the learning process. One current educational issue facing schools is high quality professional development. In his 2013Read MoreLearning Concept # 1 : Team Roles1051 Words   |  5 PagesLearning Concept #1: Team Roles The textbook begins to talk about each of the different settings people can be placed and how in each setting the teams that work there are completely different from agency to agency. It says, â€Å"In an old age home a registered nurse may be charge of the teams because doctors are not readily available.† (Pg. 151) It then goes on to talk about how in schools the teachers lead the students and they have the support from psychologists and learning consults if further identifyingRead MoreLearning In The 21st Century Classroom1206 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunities to explore and implement knew learnings needed in the 21st Century classroom. Assignments touched base on differentiation, instructional design, assessments; Action research and technology enriched learning environments to name a few. The final course Capstone focused one redesigning previous lesson plans, projects to address the 21st Century skills and demonstrate the mastery of the learning outcomes. The program ou tcomes enhance the teaching and learning process while preparing educators toRead MoreAnalysis Of Wood Thompson ( 1980 )1297 Words   |  6 PagesWood Thompson (1980) presented some guidelines for improved staff development by identifying important factors pertinent to adult learning. They advocated moving away from the traditional evaluation models that identify weaknesses in personnel and using prescribed in-service sessions instead as the way to eliminate the weaknesses. Their alternative approach is one of job-related training that provides for choice and alternatives, training that results in practice of skills, and opportunities forRead MoreInstructional Planning For Learner Development Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesfamiliar with the Program Learning Outcome (PLO) and use them daily with the classroom environment. PLO 1 Instructional Planning for Learner Development Instructional Planning for Learner Development constitute the primary (PLO). This skill requires teachers to â€Å"design appropriate and challenging learning experiences informed by analysis of how learners develop individually across the cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional, and physical patterns to promote student learning and growth†(PLO 2014).

Contemporary Issues in Acounting

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Issues in Acounting. Answer: Introduction Disclosures are vital for creditors, investors, management and various other parties who are user of the financial statements as it helps in ascertaining the actual position of the company. However, it needs to be noted that the size of transactions has increased and therefore, it is of utmost importance that such must be properly disclosed. Proper rules and regulations is compulsory to give effect. It needs to be noted that financial, as well as non-financial information both plays a major role in shaping the destiny of the company and hence, both should be adequately highlighted (IASB, 2010). Going by the bulk of transaction and complexity some irrelevant information is discarded that does not play any part in the decision-making process. Compliance with conceptual framework and AASB standard requirements For the purpose of this report, the two companies selected for analysis is BHP Billiton Ltd and Dicksmith Holding Ltd respectively. Considering the financial reporting disclosures in the (ACS) Australian Corporate Sector, details accommodated in the reports must fulfill the qualitative characteristics as per the conceptual framework of the companies. These characteristics include materiality, faithful representation and relevance. An item is regarded as material if it can influence the decisions of users (Albrecht et. al, 2011). By observing annual reports of both companies, it can be seen that the companies have followed various aspects of materiality like the ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations in association with the corporate governance of the company. Similarly, both companies are prone to risks and hence they have incorporated several material risks in their annual reports. The material risks disclosed by Dicksmith includes competition policies, consumer spe nding, exchange rates etc while BHP discloses material risks like price deflation, leasing arrangements, competition etc. (Source: BHP Billiton Annual report, 2015) (Source: Dicksmith Holding Annual report, 2015) For faithful representation, companies must present a true and fair view of their reports. Thus, in the case of Dicksmith, it can be seen that every director whether managing director or CFO or CEO, provides a written declaration to the Board in accordance with Sec 295A of Corporations Act, 2001, that information in the annual report present a true and fair view. Similarly, in section 7.4 of the Statement of Directors Responsibilities, a true and fair view of financial records must be presented by every director that is free from misstatements and frauds. With respect to relevance, both Dicksmith Ltd and BHP Billiton provide relevant information which pursues predictive value. For instance, in Dicksmith, relevant information is provided to security holders to assist them in deciding whether to or not to elect or re-elect any director (Davies Crawford, 2012). Similarly, BHP provides relevant information associated with its greenhouse gas emissions in its annual report. Other qualitat ive characteristics like timeliness, comparability, understandability etc also forms part of conceptual framework for financial reporting and also followed by both the companies. Furthermore, the annual report of BHP Billiton complies with AASB 116 or IAS 16 that deals with recognition, measurement and disclosure principles associated to plant, equipment and property (BHP Billiton, 2015). An asset can be recognized when the future economic benefits flows from the productive usage of that asset. These benefits can be measured in various ways, thereby leading to asset recognition. Measurement of assets can be done by various ways like present value, historical cost etc. Fixed assets are measured at historical cost minus depreciation while current assets are measured at lower of net realizable value or cost. In the companys balance sheet, net carrying amounts are disclosed and fixed assets are examined for impairment each year (Choi Meek, 2011). According to the Notes to Financial Sta tements of BHP Billiton Ltd, fixed costs are disclosed at cost minus impairment provisions. The examination is conducted to assure that carrying values does not surpass estimates of recoverable values (BHP Billiton). (Source: BHP Billiton Annual report, 2015) The impairment charges depicted by the annual report of BHP Billiton are Petroleum (US$2.3 billion), Nickel West (US$0.4 billion), Goodwill (US$0.5 billion) and others (US$0.8 billion) respectively. The impairment methods consist of mathematical correctness of cash flow models, sensitivity evaluation etc (Melville, 2013). Hence, the valuation of fixed assets is in accordance with AASB requirements. According to notes of financial statements of Dicksmith, the assumed liabilities and acquired assets are recognized at their fair value but every deferred assets and liabilities related with employee benefit arrangements are measured and identified in accordance with Income Taxes (AASB 112) and Employee Benefits (AASB 119). (Source: Dicksmith Holding Annual report, 2015) Equity Instruments or liabilities associated with share based payment arrangements are measured according to AASB 2 (Share-based payment). Assets held for sale are measured in accordance with AASB 5 standards (Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations). Contingent considerations that are classified as an asset or liability are re-measured in accordance with AASB 139 (Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments). Prudence in conceptual framework to address disparities in reporting The concept of prudence was eliminated in the year 2010 by the International Accounting Standards Board but in 2015, a revision was made in the conceptual framework which again included the prudence concept. This characteristic in the conceptual framework for corporate reporting requires the management to be alert in pursuing policies and estimations in such a way that the income and assets are not overstated and liabilities and expenses are not understated (IASB, 2010). The application of this characteristic eliminates bias from financial statements and reports but it must not affect the relevance and reliability of the presented information (Graham Smart, 2012). This concept does not require companies to bisect their revenue figures or ignore a part of their physical assets and instead it requires the application of caution where uncertainty exists. It is applied in many areas of financial reporting like in the case of BHP Billiton, the impairment events that can result in the wri te-down of carrying value of an asset is considered prudent because this surpasses the regular apportionment of expenses of an asset (non-current) over its useful life (Kaplan, 2011). Similarly, assets held for sale in the case of Dicksmith are not recognized at their fair values and instead they are measured as per AASB 5 standards (Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations). This implies that assets which are held for sale are written down to their respective recoverable amounts but are not written up. This is the prudence characteristic of conceptual framework. The recognition of profits or revenues is also subject to prudence when these profits associate with the provision of services for a long period and portray uncertainties about future results (Gibson, 2010). As the recognition of unrealized profits is limited by the inclusion of prudence, it leads to contribution of reliability and relevance characteristics of corporate reporting (Christensen, 2011). Hen ce, prudence can be applied to achieve neutrality and it also helps investors in sorting out financial performance like cost of business and future problems prior to recognition of any profit signs (Libby et. al, 2011). All these inconsistencies that were prior to the inclusion of prudence are successfully addressed. Critical analysis of the annual reports of both companies After observing the annual reports of both BHP Billiton Ltd and Dicksmith Holding Ltd, it can be seen that Dicksmith is the leading company when it comes to consumer electronics while most of the earnings of BHP comes from its iron ore activities that also includes coal and copper. Both the companies follow the ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations and both comply with the conceptual framework and AASB standard requirements. On one hand, the corporate governance principles not only assure transparency in Dicksmith but also assure morality and integrity which makes the company more beneficial than others. Similarly, on the other hand, BHP Billiton adheres to the business conduct and surpasses interest in governance in order to comply with various regulatory requirements. It has more energy exposure and flexibility that makes it more suitable for long-run or when contingencies create havoc in commodity markets (BHP Billiton, 2015). When it comes to disclosure, the sec urity holders of Dicksmith are provided proper and timely information so that they can pursue their rights effectively. The functioning of Finance and Audit Committee ensures completeness, adequacy, timeliness and disclosure regimes that includes financial reporting to major stakeholders like the ASX, shareholders and ASIC, financial reporting uncertainties or risks, companys accounting practices, disclosures and policies and the outcome and scope of external audits (Northington, 2011). According to the disclosure policy, Dicksmith is bound to disclose any information to the ASX that is not basically available and which can have a material effect on the share value. Under this policy, the CEO and Managing Director are bound to comply with continuous disclosure needs. (Source: Dicksmith Holding Annual report, 2015) The Company Secretary is called the Disclosure Officer of the company who serves as a major contact between ASX and the company (Libby et. al, 2011). This policy is easily accessible to the public at the investor centre in the website dicksmithholdings.com.au under Corporate Governance. Any announcements prior to continuous disclosure requirements are first made available on the website under ASX Announcements. A Disclosure Committee is appointed in BHP Billiton Ltd whose motive is to assist the CEO of the company in security dealings, periodic and regular disclosure needs that include review of information that can need disclosure to stock exchanges and overseeing the disclosure procedures so that the information is accurate, complete and timely disclosed (Brealey et. al, 2011). For IFRS purposes, the disclosure of demerged assets is done in the annual report as they are considered Discontinued and hence material. Any information that is commercially sensitive and can cause reputati onal destruction is also disclosed taking into account various safety requirements. Disclosure about the hydraulic fracturing is made mandatory by the regulatory authorities that also include disclosure of water and chemical use, wellbore integrity etc (Horngren, 2013). Furthermore, responding to climate change is also a necessary step by the company and hence it openly discloses about the accountability performance against emissions of GHG with public, government and investors. If there is any conflict of interests among the directors, then it is the duty of non-conflicted directors to disclose about the conflict (Brealey et. al, 2011). A Document Review Committee is established so that it can approve the materiality principles applied for preparing disclosure documents, reviews the documents, finalizes the document and reports it to the Board. For high quality and relevant information to investors, a copy of market disclosure and communication document is made available at www.bhp billiton.com/aboutus/ourcompany/governance (BHP Billiton, 2015). (Source: BHP Billiton Annual report, 2015) The UK requirements, AASB and IFRS etc requires the company to disclose about directors and KMP. Material information regarding the remuneration policy, ordinary shareholdings and transactions must also be disclosed (Everingham et. al, 2007). The Remuneration Committee has set a minimum threshold of $7500 in association with disclosure of payments to past directors. The disclosure of Board members independence, their interest in a transaction which prohibits them from voting helps third parties to place emphasis on the company (Horngren, 2013). Assumptions on assets useful life, amortization of intangible assets ensures stakeholders that the company complies with standard requirements. Thus, material information must be disclosed as it helps in decision-making (Brigham Daves, 2012). Recommendation Going by the very discussion and the report, it can be aid that disclosures are of paramount importance because through it a prospective decision can be taken. With the due passage of time, business is becoming vulnerable to risks and hence any information can turn out to be crucial. Such risks can be reduced if proper decision is taken and highlighted. After an evaluation of annual of BHP Billiton and Dicksmith Holding it can be recommended that companies must provide an adequate emphasis to the principle of disclosure. Conclusion Therefore, it can be stated that the concept of disclosure is a strong tool in the decision-making process. The comparison of the annual report of BHP Billiton and Dicksmith clearly indicates that judgment depends upon the level of disclosure. Moreover, conceptual framework is essential for a balanced approach because it helps the company to function smoothly. Overall, the disclosure principle and conceptual framework is a strong indicator as it helps in enhancing the goodwill and lays a strong foundation. The report above clearly signifies that both the companies have adhered to the principle of disclosure and is reflected in their annual report. References Albrecht, W., Stice, E. and Stice, J 2011. Financial accounting, Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. BHP Billiton 2015. BHP Billiton Annual Report and accounts 2015, viewed 13 August 2016, https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitonannualreport2015.pdf. Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Allen, F 2011. Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Brigham, E. Daves, P 2012. Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Learning. Choi, R.D. and Meek, G.K 2011. International accounting, Pearson . Christensen, J 2011. Good analytical research, European Accounting Review, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 41-51 Davies, T. and Crawford, I 2012. Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. M 2011. In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Dicksmith Holding 2015. Dicksmith Holding Annual Report and accounts 2015, viewed 13 August 2016, https://www.dicksmith.com.au/da/ Everingham, G.K., Kleynhans, J.E. and Posthumus, L.C 2007. Principles of Generally Accepted Accounting Practice, Juta and Company Ltd. Gibson, C 2010. Financial Reporting and Analysis: Using Financial Accounting Information, Cengage Learning. Graham, J. and Smart, S 2012. Introduction to corporate finance, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Horngren, C 2013. Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia Group. International Accounting Standards Board 2010. Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, viewed 13 August 2016, https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/Oct_2010_AP_9.3_Conceptual_Framework_Financial_Reporting_2010.pdf Kaplan, R.S 2011. Accounting scholarship that advances professional knowledge and practice, The Accounting Review, vol. 86, no.2, pp. 367383. Libby, R., Libby, P. and Short, D 2011. Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, A 2013. International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Northington, S 2011. Finance, New York, NY: Ferguson's.

The Canterbury Tales

Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer the author of the book The Canterbury Tales was among England’s best poets. He was born at around 1340 in London. His father was a wine businessman and an assistant of King Butler. Geoffrey Chaucer’s life is not so understandable especially when we try to look at his early age that is from child hood until the time he started schooling.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Canterbury Tales specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Geoffrey became skilled at reading a number of languages such as French, Italian language, and even Latin. His skills as a diplomat as well as a public servant are alleged to have been obtained during his enthrallment with the public not forgetting the basics of his English knowledge. During the year 1359 to 1360 Geoffrey Chaucer made a trip with the military of King Edward for war in France for the period of one hundred Years. He only came back to England later when the agreement of Bretigny was made and the King was compensated with a lot of money. Geoffrey Chaucer got married with Philippa Roet who was one of Queen’s ladies. He was blessed with four children this were two boys and two girls. With a lot of pressure to take care of his family and other responsibilities Geoffrey Chaucer still remained in magnificent in his peripatetic services to places like Italy, Spain and even Flanders. However his peripatetic services had an immense influence on his occupation. Geoffrey Chaucer early scripts were mainly subjected by the customs of the French people who were more interested loved poetry so much. (Chaucer 43) In most of his work Geoffrey Chaucer noted down using Middle English which was a type of English that was used quite many years back. Geoffrey Chaucer was given the title as being one of the earliest English poets who used poems in iambic pentameter apart from creating them effectively using vernacular l anguage. Geoffrey Chaucer has also been able to write quite a good number of poems such as The Book of the Duchess, House of Fame, The Parliament of Fowls and The Legend of Good Women. Unfortunately Geoffrey Chaucer passed away on the 25th of October, 1400 in London. His funeral was done at a place called Westminster Abbey nowadays named as the Poet’s Corner. (Dean 57) Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales of is nothing but a combination of funny, vulgar, and even emotional narratives that are enlightened by a cluster of imaginary pilgrims moving to a holy place most probably at St. Thomas. The Canterbury Tales was written towards the end of the 14th century and taken to be among the works done by the genius people in literature. This tales are in most cases notified as part of a story told by some kind of a group of people that are traveling.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Geoffrey Chaucer uses this tales together with the images of his characters to cover a sarcastic and significant description in an English community more especially the Church. Structurally this combination tolerates the control of Decameron by Geoffrey Chaucer in which rumors had to say that he was having transversely in his primary diplomatic operation toward Italy but then still peoples liked his tales. (Chaucer 110) The Canterbury Tales was put in black and white during a chaotic instance in history. At the center of the Western division was the Catholic Church despite the fact that it was the only Christian influence in the whole of Europe. The Catholic Church became a topic of serious disagreement. One of the initial English religious groups by the name Lollardy that was guided by John Wycliffe is stated in the Canterbury Tales, as a precise event concerning people who collected cash in substitute for forgiveness from sin. They asserted to be gathering for o ne of the hospital found in England by the name St. Mary Rouncesval. The Political conflicts disclosed how complex the chaoses were when Geoffrey Chaucer was writing Tales. Many of Geoffrey Chaucer’s close associates were executed hence forcing him to shift to a place called Kent at least to distance himself from what was going on in London. The Canterbury Tales echo various visions facing the Churches in England. Subsequently the passing away of Blacks and many Europeans started to raise questions regarding the influence of the customary Churches, Some people decided to intense fewer trails and hence forcing them to start fresh Spartan tips which exposed the corruption church. A number of characters found in The Canterbury Tales are spiritual facts, and the very background of the movement to the Canterbury is spiritual. (Dean 66) The superior group that was symbolized primarily by the Knights with his Squire was in Geoffrey Chaucer’s time sheered in customs of politen ess and loyalty. Aristocracies were anticipated to be influential soldiers who could be mercilessly on the battleground nevertheless gallant in the Christian and the King’s square in their proceedings. Knights were anticipated to shape up a physically powerful communal tie with the gentlemen who wrestled in conjunction with them. However a powerful tie with a woman whom they romanticized in order to reinforce their hostility was too dignified to accomplishment hence frequently its contradictory principles degenerate into brutality.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Canterbury Tales specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Canterbury Tales also continually reveal the disagreement among classes. For instance the separations of three estates, the characters are separated to three different classes. Conferences are only followed in case the Knight starts the match with a tale, because they signify the uppermost communal class in the set. But then when they are tracked by the Miller, in this case who are signifying an inferior class, it positions for them an arena for the Tales in order to be a sign of both esteem and pay no attention to the superior class policy. (Chalmers 45) Geoffrey Chaucer’s characters convey very much different observations of certainty hence creating an impression of relativism. It is clear that diverse genres can give diverse readings of the globe but the way fabliau barely observes the procedures of God, even the saint’s existence centers on those that are at the cost of substantial certainty regions and sermons. The pure figure of unreliable people and tales leaves the Tales at a position we are not capable to land at any specific fact or certainty. The diversity of Geoffrey Chaucer’s tales illustrates the extent of the skills that he has not forgetting his acquaintance with innumerable metaphorical appearances and linguistic approac hes. Medieval institutions of public speaking during that time supported such assortment and hence separating literature into an elevated focus and stumpy techniques when considered by the concentration of metaphorical forms and terminology. (Chaucer 187) One more fashionable technique of separation was approached from St. Augustine and this mainly paid some extra attention on spectators’ reply but fewer on the theme. This made Geoffrey Chaucer to separate his literature work into. Authors were given confidence to inscribe in such a method that makes them to be more intelligent on the speaker’s topic and even the audience themselves. Geoffrey Chaucer moved liberally among all these styles to show no preferential treatment to anybody. He also not only regards the readers of his efforts as the audience, but also as travelers inside the tale hence generating a multi coated metaphorical mystery of uncertainty. From this many people take Geoffrey Chaucer and his works thus far exceeding the capability of any other particular medieval hypothesis to come across. On the other hand, Geoffrey Chaucer keeps away from aiming any precise audience or public class of people who read his work, centering as an alternative on his own characters, however he uses their account with an ability that is comparative to their social conditions and education. Starting from even characters like Miller, he shows some astonishing metaphorical skills even though their topic is more of having some mass appeal. (Chalmers 98)Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The terminology employed in the Canterbury Tales also plays a significant element as it is in the senior classes were they refer a female as a lady at the same time the inferior classes also make use of the word wenche with no exclusions. Sometimes the same word can be used to have a different meaning completely between the two classes. Take for example another word pitee for the superior classes it is taken to be a dignified idea while on the other hand the in some parts it is used to refer to sexual association. However the Canterbury Tales shows some amazing talents among the words both in the inferior classes. In conclusion we can say that there is no any other work proceeding to Geoffrey Chaucer that we can say is recognized to contain a set of collected works like the Canterbury Tales inside the skeleton of travelers traveling. It is understandable however that Geoffrey Chaucer sometimes had to borrow some segment of his narratives from previous narratives hence making his wor k to be more subjected by the common circumstances of the fictional globe in which he resided. Telling of stories was the major amusement in England during that time, and the competition of telling of stories had been there over the years for a very long time. For example in the 14th century there was a selected person in charge whose main work was to evaluate songs that were done in a group. The victor of the songs could then be acknowledged with a crown. Likewise the victor of the Canterbury Tales was given dinner at no cost. It was ordinary for travelers who were traveling to choose one person as the head of service to direct in organizing their expedition. Works Cited Chalmers, Alexander. The works of the English poets. 8th ed. England: J. Johnson, 2009. Print. Chaucer, Geoffrey. Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. England: Barron’s Educational Series, 1970. Print. Dean, Larry. Canterbury tales. England: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. Print. This research paper on The Canterbury Tales was written and submitted by user Micheal O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.